Capsulitis of the second toe is a condition in which the ligaments surrounding the joint at the base of the second toe become inflamed and weakened. This can cause the toe to shift downward and lead to pain, swelling, and difficulty walking or standing for long periods of time.
The exact cause of capsulitis of the second toe is not always clear, but it is often associated with wearing tight or narrow shoes, repetitive stress or overuse, or a structural abnormality in the foot that puts excess pressure on the second toe. It is also more common in women than men and may be more prevalent in those with a high arch or a long second toe.
Treatment for capsulitis of the second toe typically involves conservative measures such as rest, ice, elevation, and anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and swelling. Wearing shoes with a wider toe box and low heels, as well as using metatarsal pads or custom orthotics, can help to redistribute pressure on the foot and relieve symptoms. In more severe cases, a walking cast or immobilisation boot may be necessary to allow the ligaments to heal.
If left untreated, capsulitis of the second toe can lead to progressive deformity and a more severe condition known as a hammertoe. It is important to seek prompt medical attention if you experience persistent pain or swelling in the second toe or any other foot or ankle problems.