The root theory of podiatric biomechanics is a framework that helps podiatrists understand and diagnose problems with foot and ankle mechanics. The theory was first introduced by Dr. Merton Root in the 1960s and is still widely used today.
According to the root theory, the foot can be divided into three sections: the rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot. Each section has a specific role in foot function and contributes to overall biomechanics.
The rearfoot is responsible for providing stability and shock absorption. It includes the heel bone (calcaneus) and ankle joint. The midfoot is responsible for providing a flexible arch that can adapt to uneven surfaces. It includes the bones of the arch (navicular, cuboid, and cuneiforms). The forefoot is responsible for propulsion and balance during gait. It includes the metatarsal bones and toes.
The root theory also describes three planes of motion that can affect foot function: sagittal (front-to-back), transverse (side-to-side), and frontal (up-and-down). Problems in any of these planes can lead to biomechanical issues and pain.
Based on the root theory, podiatrists use a variety of assessment tools, including gait analysis and biomechanical examination, to identify abnormalities in foot and ankle mechanics. They may then recommend treatments such as orthotics, physical therapy, or surgery to improve function and reduce pain.