The Ruedi and Allgower Classification is a renowned system utilized for categorizing fractures of the tibial plafond, which is the distal articular surface of the tibia forming the upper part of the ankle joint. Developed by Swiss orthopedic surgeons Maurice E. Müller, Martin Allgöwer, and Robert Schneider, this classification framework is instrumental in assessing and describing various types of tibial plafond fractures. These fractures typically result from high-energy trauma such as falls, sports injuries, or motor vehicle accidents.
The Ruedi and Allgower Classification for tibial plafond fractures is grouped into three major types, each with specific subtypes that provide insights into the severity and characteristics of the fracture:
Type A: Type A fractures involve a simple split in the tibial plafond without displacement of the fracture fragments. This type is further divided into three subtypes: Type A1 indicates a simple split pattern, Type A2 involves a split with marginal impaction of the fragments, and Type A3 signifies a split with compression of the articular surface.
Type B: Type B fractures are characterized by a depression of the tibial plafond. Like Type A, this category is divided into three subtypes: Type B1 involves a single central depression, Type B2 includes a central depression with marginal impaction, and Type B3 features a central depression with fragmentation of the articular surface.
Type C: Type C fractures are more complex, involving a combination of split and depression patterns. This category is further divided into three subtypes: Type C1 indicates a split with central depression, Type C2 involves a split with central and posterior depression, and Type C3 signifies a split with central depression and fragmentation of the articular surface.