A subungual haematoma is a collection of blood underneath the nail bed, usually caused by trauma to the finger or toe. Here are some key facts about subungual haematoma:
Causes:
- Subungual haematoma is usually caused by direct trauma to the finger or toe, such as slamming a finger in a door or dropping a heavy object on the toe.
- The trauma causes blood vessels under the nail bed to rupture, resulting in bleeding that collects under the nail.
Symptoms:
- Symptoms of subungual haematoma include pain, swelling, and discolouration of the affected nail.
- The nail may appear black, blue, or purple, depending on the amount of bleeding.
Diagnosis:
- A diagnosis of subungual haematoma is typically made based on the appearance of the nail and the patient’s symptoms and medical history.
- In some cases, imaging studies such as X-rays may be ordered to rule out underlying bone or tissue damage.
Treatment:
- Treatment for subungual haematoma depends on the size and severity of the injury.
- Small haematomas may resolve on their own, while larger haematomas may need to be drained to relieve pressure and prevent complications.
- The nail may need to be partially or completely removed to drain the haematoma.
Prognosis:
- With prompt and appropriate treatment, subungual haematoma typically resolves without complications.
- However, in some cases, the nail may become deformed or discoloured as it grows back.
- Recurrent episodes of subungual haematoma may occur in people who engage in activities that put the fingers or toes at risk of injury, such as rock climbing or martial arts.