Category: P

Psoriatic arthritis

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - P, Rheumatology

Psoriatic arthritis is a type of inflammatory arthritis that can affect people who have psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune skin condition. Psoriatic arthritis typically causes joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, and can affect any joint in the body, including the feet and ankles.

Symptoms of psoriatic arthritis in the feet may include pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joints, as well as changes to the nails such as pitting, thickening, or separation from the nail bed. In some cases, psoriatic arthritis can cause joint deformities, especially if left untreated.

The diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis is usually made based on the patient’s medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI. Blood tests may also be used to help confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.

Treatment of psoriatic arthritis in the feet may include a combination of medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologics, and corticosteroids. Physical therapy and exercise may also be recommended to improve joint mobility and strengthen the muscles around the affected joints.

It is important for people with psoriatic arthritis to take good care of their feet and to see a podiatrist regularly for foot exams and treatment. This may include wearing appropriate footwear, using orthotics or other supportive devices, and maintaining good foot hygiene to prevent infections and other complications.

Overall, psoriatic arthritis is a chronic condition that requires ongoing management and treatment to control symptoms and prevent complications. Working with a healthcare provider can help develop an individualised treatment plan that meets the specific needs of the patient.

Psoriasis

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Dermatology & nail pathology, P

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the skin and sometimes other parts of the body, including the feet. Psoriasis on the feet can cause redness, scaling, itching, and pain. It can also lead to thickening and cracking of the skin, as well as the formation of blisters.

Psoriasis on the feet can be difficult to diagnose, as it can mimic other skin conditions such as eczema, athlete’s foot, and fungal infections. A dermatologist or podiatrist can usually diagnose psoriasis on the feet by examining the affected skin and taking a medical history.

Treatment for psoriasis on the feet may include topical creams or ointments containing corticosteroids, coal tar, or vitamin D analogues. In severe cases, oral or injectable medications may be necessary. Light therapy, which involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet light, may also be effective for treating psoriasis on the feet.

It is important to maintain good foot hygiene when dealing with psoriasis on the feet. This may include washing the feet daily, wearing comfortable shoes that allow for air circulation, and avoiding tight-fitting socks or shoes that can irritate the skin. It may also be helpful to moisturise the feet regularly to prevent dryness and cracking of the skin.

Overall, psoriasis on the feet can be a chronic condition that requires ongoing treatment and management to control symptoms and prevent complications. Working with a healthcare provider can help develop an individualised treatment plan that meets the specific needs of the patient.

Pseudo-gout

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - P, Rheumatology

Pseudo-gout is a type of arthritis that is caused by the buildup of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in the joints. It is called “pseudo” because it is similar in presentation and symptoms to gout, but the crystals involved are different.

The symptoms of pseudo-gout are similar to those of gout, including sudden onset of joint pain, swelling, and warmth. Pseudo-gout most commonly affects the knees, but it can also affect other joints such as the ankles, wrists, and shoulders.

Risk factors for pseudo-gout include older age, joint injury, and certain medical conditions such as hyperparathyroidism and hemochrombtosis. The diagnosis of pseudo-gout is typically made by analysing joint fluid obtained through a joint aspiration procedure.

Treatment of pseudo-gout may include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to relieve pain and inflammation, as well as colchicine or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and prevent further crystal formation. In some cases, joint aspiration or surgery may be necessary to remove excess fluid or damaged tissue.

Pseudo-gout is a chronic condition that can cause significant pain and disability, so it is important to work with a healthcare provider to develop an individualised treatment plan to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

Prolotherapy

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Other, P

Prolotherapy, also known as proliferation therapy or regenerative injection therapy, is a form of treatment that involves injecting a solution, often containing dextrose or other substances, into the affected area to stimulate the body’s natural healing process. Proponents of prolotherapy believe that it can help alleviate pain and promote tissue repair.

Prolotherapy has been used to treat various types of foot pain, including plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendonitis, and osteoarthritis. The injections are typically administered by a qualified healthcare provider, such as a podiatrist or orthopaedic surgeon.

While some patients report improvement in their symptoms after prolotherapy, the evidence supporting its effectiveness is limited. More research is needed to determine whether prolotherapy is an effective treatment for foot pain and to identify potential risks and side effects.

If you are experiencing foot pain, it is important to consult with a qualified healthcare provider who can evaluate your condition and recommend appropriate treatment options. Depending on the underlying cause of your foot pain, other treatments, such as physical therapy, medications, or surgery, may be more appropriate than prolotherapy.

Preventing infection in foot and ankle surgery

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Infections, P, Surgical

Preventing infection in foot and ankle surgery is crucial to ensure proper healing and recovery. Here are some ways to prevent infection in foot and ankle surgery:

  1. Preoperative antibiotics: Administering antibiotics before surgery can help reduce the risk of infection. The type and duration of antibiotics may vary depending on the patient’s health status and the type of surgery.
  2. Sterilisation: All surgical instruments, equipment, and materials must be sterilised before use to eliminate any potential sources of infection.
  3. Proper surgical technique: Following proper surgical technique, including maintaining a sterile field, minimising tissue trauma, and using appropriate wound closure techniques, can help prevent infection.
  4. Skin preparation: Preoperative skin preparation, such as using antiseptic solutions, can help reduce the number of bacteria on the skin, which can decrease the risk of infection.
  5. Patient education: Educating the patient about proper wound care and postoperative hygiene can help reduce the risk of infection. Patients should be advised to keep the wound clean and dry and to report any signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or drainage, to their healthcare provider immediately.
  6. Proper ventilation: The operating room should be well-ventilated to help reduce the risk of airborne contamination.
  7. Immunisation: Patients should be immunised against relevant pathogens before surgery to help reduce the risk of infection.

By following these steps, the risk of infection can be significantly reduced, leading to better outcomes for patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery.

How can you prevent falls in the elderly?

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Frequently asked questions, P

Preventing falls in the elderly is important because falls can cause serious injuries, such as fractures, head trauma, and lacerations. Here are some tips to prevent falls in the elderly:

  1. Exercise regularly: Regular exercise can help improve strength, balance, and coordination, which can reduce the risk of falling. Simple exercises such as walking, swimming, and tai chi can be helpful.
  2. Keep the home safe: Remove tripping hazards such as loose rugs and clutter, install grab bars in the bathroom, and ensure that lighting is adequate.
  3. Wear appropriate footwear: Wearing shoes that fit properly and have nonskid soles can help prevent falls.
  4. Review medications: Some medications can cause dizziness or other side effects that increase the risk of falling. It’s important to review medications with a doctor or pharmacist.
  5. Stay hydrated: Dehydration can cause dizziness and other symptoms that increase the risk of falling. Drinking enough water can help prevent this.
  6. Have regular eye exams: Poor vision can increase the risk of falling, so it’s important to have regular eye exams and wear glasses or contact lenses as needed.
  7. Use assistive devices: Canes, walkers, and other assistive devices can help improve balance and reduce the risk of falling.
  8. Stay alert: Being aware of surroundings and taking precautions, such as holding onto railings when going up and down stairs, can help prevent falls.

By following these tips, the elderly can reduce their risk of falling and stay safe and independent.

How does pregnancy affect your feet?

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Frequently asked questions, P

Pregnancy can cause a number of changes in the body, including changes in the feet. Some common foot-related issues that may arise during pregnancy include:

  1. Swelling: Many pregnant women experience swelling in the feet and ankles due to increased fluid retention and changes in blood flow. To help alleviate swelling, it is important to stay hydrated, elevate the feet whenever possible, and avoid prolonged periods of sitting or standing.
  2. Flat feet: During pregnancy, the increased weight and pressure on the feet can cause the arches to flatten, leading to discomfort and pain. Wearing supportive shoes and using arch supports or custom orthotics can help alleviate this issue.
  3. Plantar fasciitis: Pregnancy-related weight gain and changes in gait can also increase the risk of developing plantar fasciitis, a condition that causes pain and inflammation in the heel and arch of the foot. Gentle stretching and massage, as well as proper footwear and orthotic support, can help alleviate symptoms.
  4. Ingrown toenails: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause nails to grow faster and become more brittle, increasing the risk of ingrown toenails. Proper nail care, including regular trimming and avoiding tight or narrow shoes, can help prevent this issue.
  5. Cramping: Some pregnant women experience cramping in the feet and legs, particularly at night. Stretching, massage, and staying well-hydrated can help alleviate these symptoms.

It is important for pregnant women to maintain good foot health and seek medical attention if they experience persistent or severe foot pain or swelling. Wearing comfortable, supportive footwear and practicing good foot hygiene can help prevent many foot-related issues during pregnancy.

Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Hindfoot, P

Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD) is a condition that occurs when the posterior tibial tendon, which runs along the inside of the ankle and foot, becomes damaged or inflamed. The posterior tibial tendon is responsible for supporting the arch of the foot and helping to maintain proper alignment and stability.

PTTD is often caused by overuse or repetitive stress on the posterior tibial tendon, which can lead to small tears or degeneration of the tendon. Other factors that may contribute to PTTD include obesity, flat feet, high-impact activities, and certain medical conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Symptoms of PTTD may include pain and swelling along the inside of the ankle and foot, particularly during and after physical activity, as well as a gradual flattening of the arch of the foot and a shifting of the heel bone outward.

Treatment for PTTD typically involves a combination of non-surgical interventions such as rest, ice, compression, elevation, and physical therapy to help reduce pain and inflammation and improve strength and flexibility in the affected foot and ankle. Orthotic devices such as arch supports or braces may also be recommended to help support the foot and relieve stress on the posterior tibial tendon.

In more severe cases of PTTD, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair or reconstruct the damaged tendon, restore proper alignment of the foot, and improve overall foot and ankle function. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for your specific condition and individual health needs.

What is a podiatric surgeon?

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Frequently asked questions, P

A podiatric surgeon is a healthcare professional who specialises in surgical interventions to treat conditions affecting the feet, ankles, and lower limbs. Podiatric surgeons are also known as foot and ankle surgeons.

Podiatric surgeons undergo extensive education and training in the diagnosis and management of foot and ankle conditions, as well as in the use of specialised surgical techniques and equipment to correct deformities, repair injuries, and address other conditions that may require surgical intervention.

Common conditions that may be treated by a podiatric surgeon include bunions, hammertoes, plantar fasciitis, heel spurs, flat feet, ankle fractures, and other foot and ankle injuries or deformities.

Podiatric surgeons may work in private practice or in hospitals and other healthcare settings, and may collaborate with other healthcare professionals such as orthopaedic surgeons, physical therapists, and primary care physicians to provide comprehensive care to patients with foot and ankle conditions.

It is important to note that not all podiatrists are podiatric surgeons, and not all foot and ankle conditions require surgical intervention. Non-surgical treatments, such as physical therapy, medications, orthotics, and other conservative therapies may be effective for many conditions and may be recommended before considering surgery. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for your specific condition and individual health needs.

What is a podiatrist?

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Frequently asked questions, P

A podiatrist is a healthcare professional who is an expert in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of conditions affecting the feet, ankles, and lower limbs.

Podiatrists undergo extensive education and training in the anatomy, biomechanics, and pathology of the lower limbs, as well as in the use of special equipment and techniques to diagnose and treat a wide range of foot and ankle conditions.

Podiatrists may provide a variety of services, including routine foot care, treatment of foot and ankle injuries, management of chronic conditions such as diabetes and arthritis, and surgical interventions to correct deformities or address more severe conditions.

Common conditions that podiatrists may diagnose and treat include plantar fasciitis, heel spurs, ingrown toenails, bunions, hammertoes, and flat feet, among others.

Podiatrists may work in private practice or in hospitals and other healthcare settings, and may collaborate with other healthcare professionals such as orthopaedic surgeons, physical therapists, and primary care physicians to provide comprehensive care to patients with foot and ankle conditions.