Category: S

Strength training of the foot and ankle

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Other, S

Strength training can be an effective way to rehabilitate foot injuries and prevent future injuries. Strengthening the muscles, tendons, and ligaments in the foot can help improve stability, balance, and mobility, as well as reduce pain and inflammation.

Some effective strength training exercises for foot injuries may include:

  1. Toe curls: Sit with your feet flat on the ground and a towel placed under your toes. Use your toes to scrunch the towel toward you and then release.
  2. Heel raises: Stand with your feet hip-width apart and raise up onto the balls of your feet. Lower back down to the ground and repeat.
  3. Ankle rotations: Sit with your legs extended in front of you and rotate your ankles in a circular motion, first clockwise and then counterclockwise.
  4. Resistance band exercises: Use a resistance band to strengthen the muscles in your feet by wrapping the band around your foot and pulling your foot toward your body or pushing it away.
  5. Calf stretches: Stand with your feet hip-width apart and place your hands on a wall. Step one foot back and press your heel into the ground to stretch your calf muscles.

It is important to work with a healthcare professional or physical therapist to determine the appropriate strength training program for your specific foot injury and to ensure that you are using proper form during exercises.

Stem cell treatment

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Other, S

Stem cell treatment is a relatively new and experimental approach to treating foot problems. The idea behind stem cell therapy is that it may be possible to use stem cells to regenerate damaged tissue in the foot, such as tendons, ligaments, and cartilage.

Stem cells are specialised cells that have the ability to develop into different types of cells and tissues in the body. They can be harvested from various sources, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue (fat), or umbilical cord blood.

While there have been some promising results in early studies of stem cell therapy for foot problems, the use of stem cells for this purpose is still considered experimental and is not yet widely available. Some potential benefits of stem cell therapy for foot problems include reduced pain and improved function, as well as faster healing and recovery times.

However, there are also some potential risks and limitations associated with stem cell therapy. These may include the risk of infection, rejection of the transplanted cells by the body, and the high cost of the treatment.

Overall, stem cell therapy for foot problems is an emerging area of research and is not yet considered a standard or widely accepted treatment option. If you are considering stem cell therapy for a foot problem, it is important to talk to your healthcare provider and carefully weigh the potential risks and benefits.

Staph infections of the foot

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Dermatology & nail pathology, Infections, S

Staph infections are a type of bacterial infection that can occur on the skin or in deeper tissues of the foot. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common type of bacteria that causes staph infections, and it is commonly found on the skin and in the nose of healthy individuals.

Staph infections can occur in different parts of the foot, including the toes, soles, and heels. Symptoms of a staph infection in the foot may include redness, swelling, warmth, and tenderness in the affected area. In some cases, blisters or pus-filled bumps may also be present.

Staph infections of the foot can occur as a result of a break in the skin, such as a cut, scrape, or blister, which allows bacteria to enter the body. They can also occur as a result of a weakened immune system or poor circulation.

Treatment for staph infections of the foot may involve antibiotics, either taken orally or applied topically. In some cases, the infected area may need to be drained to remove pus or other fluids. It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have a staph infection, as untreated infections can lead to more serious complications, such as cellulitis, osteomyelitis (infection of the bone), or sepsis.

Prevention of staph infections in the foot includes keeping the feet clean and dry, avoiding sharing personal items, such as shoes or socks, and wearing clean, properly fitting shoes and socks. If you have a cut or scrape on your foot, it is important to clean it thoroughly with soap and water, and cover it with a sterile bandage to prevent infection.

Squamous cell carcinoma

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Cancer, Dermatology & nail pathology, S

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of skin cancer that develops in the squamous cells that make up the outer layer of the skin. SCC can occur anywhere on the body, but it is most commonly found on areas of the skin that have been exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, hands, and arms. Here are some key facts about squamous cell carcinoma:

Causes:

  • Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds is the primary cause of squamous cell carcinoma.
  • Other risk factors include fair skin, a history of frequent sunburns, a weakened immune system, exposure to certain chemicals or toxins, and a history of previous skin cancer.

Symptoms:

  • A firm, red bump or flat, scaly patch on the skin that may be crusty or bleed easily.
  • An open sore that does not heal or heals and then returns.
  • A growth that looks like a wart or raised, rough patch on the skin.

Diagnosis:

  • A biopsy is the only way to definitively diagnose squamous cell carcinoma.
  • During a biopsy, a small sample of the affected tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancerous cells are present.

Treatment:

  • Treatment for squamous cell carcinoma typically involves surgical removal of the cancerous tissue.
  • Mohs surgery, which involves removing thin layers of tissue and examining them under a microscope until all the cancerous cells are gone, is a common surgical technique for treating squamous cell carcinoma.
  • Other treatment options may include radiation therapy, topical chemotherapy, or immunotherapy.

Prognosis:

  • Squamous cell carcinoma is usually curable when detected and treated early.
  • If left untreated, squamous cell carcinoma can grow deeper into the skin and spread to other parts of the body, potentially becoming life-threatening.

Spindle cell lipoma of the foot

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - S, Tumours

Spindle cell lipoma is a rare, benign soft tissue tumour that can occur in the foot. It is composed of spindle-shaped cells that are usually located in the subcutaneous tissue, or the layer of tissue just beneath the skin.

Spindle cell lipomas can appear as a slow-growing, painless mass in the foot, and may be mistaken for other types of tumours or cysts. They are most commonly found in middle-aged or older adults, and are more common in men than in women.

The cause of spindle cell lipomas is not well understood, but they may be related to genetic mutations or other factors that cause abnormal growth of soft tissue cells.

Treatment for spindle cell lipomas of the foot typically involves surgical removal of the tumour, which can be done on an outpatient basis under local anaesthesia. In some cases, imaging studies may be needed to determine the extent of the tumour and ensure that it can be safely removed.

Most people with spindle cell lipomas of the foot have a good prognosis, as these tumours are usually benign and do not spread to other parts of the body. However, it is important to have any new or unusual growths on the foot or ankle evaluated by a healthcare professional to rule out more serious conditions.

Spider bites on the foot

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - S

Spider bites on the foot are relatively common and can range from minor irritations to serious medical emergencies, depending on the type of spider and the individual’s reaction to the bite.

Some common symptoms of spider bites on the foot may include redness, swelling, itching, pain, and the appearance of small puncture marks or blisters. In some cases, more serious symptoms may occur, such as difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, or fever.

Some of the most common types of spiders that are known to bite humans include black widow spiders and brown recluse spiders. Black widow spider bites can cause muscle cramps, nausea, and severe pain in the affected area, while brown recluse spider bites can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, chills, and skin necrosis (death of tissue).

If you suspect that you have been bitten by a spider on the foot, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible, especially if you experience any of the more serious symptoms. Treatment for spider bites may include cleaning the wound, applying cold compresses to reduce swelling, and taking pain medications or antibiotics to prevent infection.

In some cases, anti-venom may be required to treat the bite, especially if the bite is caused by a black widow or other venomous spider. It is also important to take steps to prevent spider bites, such as wearing protective clothing and shoes, using insect repellent, and avoiding areas where spiders are known to be present.

Soccer injuries of the foot & ankle

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - S, Sports

Soccer is a popular sport that can lead to a variety of foot and ankle injuries, especially due to the constant running, jumping, and sudden changes in direction. Some of the most common soccer injuries to the foot and ankle include:

  1. Ankle Sprains: This occurs when the ligaments on the outside of the ankle are stretched or torn due to a sudden twist or turn of the foot.
  2. Achilles Tendinitis: This is an overuse injury that causes pain and inflammation in the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone.
  3. Plantar Fasciitis: This is an overuse injury that causes pain and inflammation in the plantar fascia, a band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot.
  4. Turf Toe: This occurs when the big toe is hyperextended or jammed, causing pain and swelling in the joint.
  5. Stress Fractures: This is a small crack or fracture in a bone due to overuse, which can cause pain and tenderness in the affected area.

To prevent soccer injuries to the foot and ankle, it is important to wear properly fitting shoes with good support and traction, warm up properly before playing, and use proper technique when running and changing direction. Strengthening exercises and stretches for the foot and ankle can also help prevent injuries.

If you do experience a foot or ankle injury while playing soccer, it is important to rest and ice the affected area, and seek medical attention if the pain and swelling do not improve. Treatment for soccer injuries may include physical therapy, medication, or, in some cases, surgery. Early treatment is important for a faster and more complete recovery.

Snake bites on the foot

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - S

Snake bites on the foot can be a serious medical emergency and require immediate attention. The severity of the bite will depend on the type of snake, the amount of venom injected, and the individual’s reaction to the venom.

Some common symptoms of snake bites on the foot may include pain, swelling, redness, and bruising around the bite area. More serious symptoms may occur, such as difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, weakness, and in severe cases, paralysis or even death.

If you suspect that you have been bitten by a snake on the foot, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. Do not try to capture or kill the snake, as this can put you at further risk of being bitten again.

Treatment for snake bites may include cleaning the wound, immobilising the affected limb, and administering anti-venom to neutralise the venom. In some cases, supportive care such as pain medication, intravenous fluids, and anti-nausea medications may also be required.

To prevent snake bites, it is important to take precautions when spending time in areas where snakes may be present, such as wearing protective clothing and shoes, avoiding tall grass and brush, and being cautious when reaching into areas where snakes may be hiding. It is also important to be familiar with the types of snakes that are common in your area and to know how to identify them.

How does smoking affect your feet?

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Frequently asked questions, S

Smoking can have a negative impact on your overall health, including your feet. Smoking causes decreased blood flow and circulation, which can lead to a variety of foot problems.

One of the most common foot problems associated with smoking is peripheral artery disease (PAD), which is a condition where the blood vessels in the legs and feet narrow and become clogged with fatty deposits. This can cause pain, cramping, and numbness in the legs and feet, and can increase the risk of foot ulcers and infections.

Smoking can also increase the risk of foot and ankle injuries, as it can impair balance and coordination. This can increase the risk of falls, sprains, and other injuries.

Additionally, smoking can increase the risk of developing foot infections, as it can weaken the immune system and make it more difficult for the body to fight off infections. Smoking can also delay healing, making it more difficult for foot injuries and infections to heal.

To protect your feet and reduce the risk of foot problems associated with smoking, it is important to quit smoking. This can improve circulation and reduce the risk of developing PAD and other foot problems. It is also important to maintain good foot hygiene, wear properly fitting shoes, and avoid repetitive pressure or friction on the feet. Regular foot exams by a healthcare professional are also important for early detection and treatment of foot problems.

Skin cancer of the foot

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Cancer, Dermatology & nail pathology, S

Skin cancer can occur on any part of the body, including the foot and ankle. The most common types of skin cancer that affect the feet are basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.

Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common types of skin cancer and are usually caused by sun exposure. They typically appear as a small, raised, or flat bump that is pink, red, or white in colour. They may also have a scaly or crusted surface.

Melanoma is a less common but more serious type of skin cancer that can spread quickly to other parts of the body. It typically appears as a dark, irregularly shaped spot or mole that may bleed or itch.

To prevent skin cancer on the foot and ankle, it is important to wear proper footwear that provides adequate sun protection, such as shoes with a closed toe and a thick sole. Additionally, use sunscreen on exposed areas of the foot and ankle, and avoid prolonged sun exposure.

If you notice any unusual changes in the skin on your feet or ankles, such as a new growth, change in colour or texture, or persistent sore or ulcer, it is important to see a healthcare professional for evaluation. Treatment for skin cancer may include surgical removal of the affected area, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy, depending on the type and severity of the cancer. Early detection and treatment are important for the best possible outcome.