Category: S

Silfverskiold test

Posted on March 10, 2023 by - Biomechanics, S

the Silfverskiold test is a clinical examination technique used by healthcare professionals, particularly podiatrists and orthopedic surgeons, to assess the extent of gastrocnemius muscle contracture in the lower leg. The test is named after the Swedish surgeon, Dr. Harald Silfverskiold, who developed the technique in the 1920s.

During the Silfverskiold test, the patient is asked to lie prone (face down) with both legs hanging off the edge of a table or examination bed. The examiner then dorsiflexes the ankle passively while stabilizing the knee joint in full extension and in 20 degrees of knee flexion. The amount of ankle dorsiflexion available is then measured and compared between the two positions.

If there is a significant difference in ankle dorsiflexion between the two positions, with more dorsiflexion available in the flexed knee position, it suggests that there is gastrocnemius muscle contracture present. This is because the gastrocnemius muscle crosses both the ankle and knee joints, and in the extended knee position, it is in a shortened position, which limits ankle dorsiflexion.

The Silfverskiold test can be useful in diagnosing and monitoring gastrocnemius muscle contracture, which can contribute to a range of foot and ankle conditions, including plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendonitis, and flatfoot deformity. Treatment options may include stretching exercises, physical therapy, and orthotics to improve ankle range of motion and prevent further complications.

Overall, the Silfverskiold test is a simple, non-invasive clinical tool that can provide valuable information about the extent of gastrocnemius muscle contracture in the lower leg, and help guide treatment decisions for a range of foot and ankle conditions.

Sagittal plane theory

Posted on March 10, 2023 by - Biomechanics, S

In the context of podiatric biomechanics, sagittal plane theory is used to understand and diagnose problems with movement in the front-to-back plane of the foot and ankle. This plane divides the foot and ankle into anterior (front) and posterior (back) halves and includes movements such as dorsiflexion (lifting the foot towards the shin) and plantarflexion (pointing the foot downwards).

The sagittal plane theory is particularly important in the assessment and treatment of conditions such as flat feet (pes planus) and high arches (pes cavus), which can result in abnormal foot mechanics in the sagittal plane. For example, flat feet can be associated with excessive pronation (inward rolling) of the foot, which can lead to problems such as heel pain, arch pain, and shin splints. High arches, on the other hand, can be associated with limited ankle dorsiflexion, which can lead to compensatory movements and increased stress on the forefoot.

Podiatrists use various assessment tools, including gait analysis and biomechanical examination, to identify abnormalities in foot and ankle mechanics in the sagittal plane. Treatment options may include orthotics, physical therapy, or surgery, depending on the severity and underlying cause of the problem.

Overall, the sagittal plane theory is an important framework for understanding and addressing movement problems in the front-to-back plane of the foot and ankle, and plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of many podiatric conditions.

Synovial sarcoma

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Cancer, S

Synovial sarcoma is a rare type of soft tissue cancer that typically arises in the arms or legs, but can also occur in other parts of the body such as the head and neck, trunk, or abdomen. Despite its name, synovial sarcoma does not originate in the synovial tissue of joints, but rather from cells that resemble synovial cells.

The cause of synovial sarcoma is not well understood, but genetic mutations and environmental factors may play a role. Symptoms of synovial sarcoma may include a painless lump or swelling, stiffness, and difficulty moving the affected area.

Diagnosis of synovial sarcoma may involve a physical exam, imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI, and a biopsy to confirm the presence of cancerous cells. Treatment for synovial sarcoma usually involves surgery to remove the tumour, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy. In some cases, amputation may be necessary if the tumour is too large or has spread extensively.

The prognosis for synovial sarcoma varies depending on the size and location of the tumour, as well as the stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis. Early detection and treatment can improve the chances of successful treatment and long-term survival. It is important to seek medical attention if you notice any unusual lumps or growths on your body, particularly if they are painful or persist for more than a few weeks.

Synovitis

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Rheumatology, S

Synovitis is a condition that occurs when the synovial membrane, which lines the joints, becomes inflamed. This inflammation can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and restricted movement in the affected joint.

There are many different causes of synovitis, including:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis: This is an autoimmune disorder that causes the body’s immune system to attack the synovial membrane.
  • Osteoarthritis: This is a degenerative joint disease that can cause the synovial membrane to become inflamed.
  • Gout: This is a type of arthritis that occurs when uric acid crystals build up in the joint, causing inflammation.
  • Infection: Infection in the joint can cause synovitis.
  • Injury: An injury to the joint can cause the synovial membrane to become inflamed.

Treatment for synovitis depends on the underlying cause. In many cases, anti-inflammatory medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can help reduce inflammation and relieve pain. Other treatments may include physical therapy, joint injections, and surgery in severe cases.

It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have synovitis or if you experience persistent joint pain or swelling, as untreated synovitis can lead to joint damage and long-term joint problems.

Swollen feet and ankles

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - S

Swollen feet and ankles can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

  • Prolonged sitting or standing: When you sit or stand for long periods of time, your body’s circulation can be compromised, leading to swelling in the feet and ankles.
  • Injury: A sprain or strain in the foot or ankle can cause swelling.
  • Pregnancy: During pregnancy, the body retains more fluids, which can lead to swelling in the feet and ankles.
  • Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as heart failure, kidney disease, or liver disease, can cause swelling in the feet and ankles.

To help reduce swelling in the feet and ankles, there are several things you can do:

  • Elevate your feet: When possible, elevate your feet above heart level to promote better circulation.
  • Wear compression stockings: Compression stockings can help promote circulation and reduce swelling.
  • Stay active: Regular exercise can help improve circulation and reduce swelling.
  • Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help reduce fluid retention and prevent swelling.
  • Avoid salt: Eating a diet that is low in salt can help reduce fluid retention and prevent swelling.

If swelling in the feet and ankles persists or is accompanied by other symptoms, such as pain, redness, or warmth, it is important to talk to your healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Swift microwave treatment for warts

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Dermatology & nail pathology, Other, S

Swift Microwave treatment is a relatively new treatment for warts that uses microwave energy to destroy the virus that causes warts. It is a non-invasive, quick, and effective treatment that is designed to reduce pain and speed up the healing process.

During the treatment, a handheld device emits microwave energy to the affected area, creating heat that destroys the virus. The treatment typically takes less than 5 minutes and may require several sessions to completely eliminate the wart.

Swift Microwave treatment is particularly effective for plantar warts, which are warts that develop on the soles of the feet. Plantar warts can be particularly stubborn and difficult to treat, but Swift Microwave treatment has been shown to be effective in a large number of cases.

Patients may experience some discomfort or redness in the treated area after the procedure, but this typically resolves within a few days.

Swift Microwave treatment is a safe and effective treatment option for warts, but it may not be appropriate for everyone. Your healthcare provider can help determine if this treatment is right for you based on your individual needs and medical history.

Sweaty feet

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - S

Sweaty feet, also known as plantar hyperhidrosis, is a common condition that affects many people. It is characterized by excessive sweating of the feet, which can lead to unpleasant odours, discomfort, and an increased risk of fungal infections.

Some common causes of sweaty feet include:

  • Genetics: Some people are simply more prone to sweating than others.
  • Temperature: Hot weather or wearing tight shoes can increase sweating.
  • Stress: Emotional stress can trigger sweating.
  • Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as hyperthyroidism or diabetes, can cause excessive sweating.

To treat sweaty feet, there are several steps you can take, including:

  • Practice good hygiene: Wash your feet regularly and dry them thoroughly after showering or bathing.
  • Wear breathable shoes: Choose shoes made of natural materials, such as leather or canvas, and avoid tight-fitting shoes.
  • Use antiperspirant: Apply antiperspirant to your feet before bed to help reduce sweating.
  • Use foot powder: Apply foot powder to your feet to help absorb moisture and reduce odours.
  • Consider medical treatments: If over-the-counter treatments are not effective, your healthcare provider may recommend prescription-strength antiperspirants or other medical treatments.

If you are concerned about sweaty feet or have persistent foot odour, it is important to talk to your healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Subungual haematoma

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Dermatology & nail pathology, S

A subungual haematoma is a collection of blood underneath the nail bed, usually caused by trauma to the finger or toe. Here are some key facts about subungual haematoma:

Causes:

  • Subungual haematoma is usually caused by direct trauma to the finger or toe, such as slamming a finger in a door or dropping a heavy object on the toe.
  • The trauma causes blood vessels under the nail bed to rupture, resulting in bleeding that collects under the nail.

Symptoms:

  • Symptoms of subungual haematoma include pain, swelling, and discolouration of the affected nail.
  • The nail may appear black, blue, or purple, depending on the amount of bleeding.

Diagnosis:

  • A diagnosis of subungual haematoma is typically made based on the appearance of the nail and the patient’s symptoms and medical history.
  • In some cases, imaging studies such as X-rays may be ordered to rule out underlying bone or tissue damage.

Treatment:

  • Treatment for subungual haematoma depends on the size and severity of the injury.
  • Small haematomas may resolve on their own, while larger haematomas may need to be drained to relieve pressure and prevent complications.
  • The nail may need to be partially or completely removed to drain the haematoma.

Prognosis:

  • With prompt and appropriate treatment, subungual haematoma typically resolves without complications.
  • However, in some cases, the nail may become deformed or discoloured as it grows back.
  • Recurrent episodes of subungual haematoma may occur in people who engage in activities that put the fingers or toes at risk of injury, such as rock climbing or martial arts.

Subtalar joint implants for flat feet

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - S, Surgical

Subtalar joint implants may be recommended for patients with flat feet or other foot deformities that affect the subtalar joint. The subtalar joint is located in the ankle and connects the talus bone to the calcaneus bone. It plays an important role in foot movement and stability.

A subtalar joint implant is a small device that is surgically implanted into the subtalar joint to help stabilize and realign the bones of the foot. The implant may be made of metal, plastic, or other materials and is designed to mimic the natural movement of the subtalar joint.

Subtalar joint implants may be recommended for patients with flat feet who have not responded to conservative treatments such as orthotics, physical therapy, or medication. The implant can help reduce pain, improve foot function, and prevent further damage to the foot.

However, like any surgical procedure, subtalar joint implant surgery carries some risks, including infection, bleeding, and nerve damage. Patients may also experience some pain and swelling after the surgery, and may need to wear a cast or brace for several weeks while the foot heals.

If you are considering subtalar joint implant surgery for flat feet, it is important to discuss the risks and benefits of the procedure with your healthcare provider to determine if it is the right option for you.

Stress fractures

Posted on March 9, 2023 by - Fractures, S

A stress fracture in the foot is a small crack or break in one of the bones of the foot, typically caused by repetitive stress or overuse. This type of injury is common among athletes, particularly those who participate in high-impact sports such as running, jumping, or dancing.

Some common symptoms of a stress fracture in the foot may include:

  • Pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest
  • Swelling or tenderness in the affected area
  • Bruising or discolouration around the affected area
  • Difficulty bearing weight on the affected foot

If you suspect that you have a stress fracture in your foot, it is important to seek medical attention right away. Treatment may include rest, immobilisation with a cast or brace, and the use of crutches to avoid putting weight on the affected foot. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may also be recommended to help reduce pain and inflammation.

Rehabilitation exercises and physical therapy may also be recommended to help strengthen the muscles and improve range of motion in the foot. It is important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and allow adequate time for your foot to heal, as returning to activity too soon can cause the stress fracture to worsen or lead to additional injuries.