Category: Dermatology & nail pathology

Foot rash

Posted on March 8, 2023 by - Dermatology & nail pathology, F

A foot rash can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergies, irritants, infections, and underlying medical conditions. Some common causes of foot rash include:

  1. Fungal infections: Athlete’s foot and other fungal infections can cause a rash on the feet. Symptoms may include redness, itching, and scaling.
  2. Contact dermatitis: Contact with an irritant or allergen such as a chemical, soap, or plant can cause a rash on the feet. Symptoms may include redness, itching, and blisters.
  3. Eczema: Eczema is a chronic skin condition that can cause a rash on the feet, as well as other parts of the body. Symptoms may include dry, scaly patches and intense itching.
  4. Psoriasis: Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that can cause a rash on the feet and other parts of the body. Symptoms may include red, scaly patches and itching.
  5. Scabies: Scabies is a contagious skin condition caused by a mite. It can cause a rash on the feet, as well as other parts of the body. Symptoms may include intense itching and small, raised bumps.

If you have a foot rash, it is important to see your healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment. Treatment may include topical or oral medications, as well as measures to relieve itching and reduce inflammation, such as cool compresses or over-the-counter anti-itch creams. It is also important to keep your feet clean and dry and to avoid scratching the affected area, which can lead to infection.

Erythrasma

Posted on March 8, 2023 by - Dermatology & nail pathology, E, Infections

Erythrasma is a bacterial skin infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium minutissimum. It is typically characterized by red, brown, or pinkish patches of skin that may be itchy or scaly. Here are some key facts about erythrasma:

Causes:

  • Erythrasma is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium minutissimum.
  • The bacteria thrive in warm, moist environments, and the infection is most commonly found in the folds of the skin, such as the groin, armpits, and between the toes.

Symptoms:

  • Symptoms of erythrasma include red, brown, or pinkish patches of skin that may be itchy or scaly.
  • The patches may have a well-defined border and may be slightly raised or bumpy.
  • The infection may also cause a mild, musty odour.

Diagnosis:

  • A diagnosis of erythrasma is usually made based on the appearance of the skin lesions and the patient’s medical history.
  • A Wood’s lamp, which emits ultraviolet light, can be used to confirm the diagnosis by causing the affected skin to fluoresce.

Treatment:

  • Treatment for erythrasma typically involves topical or oral antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection.
  • Anti-fungal medications may also be used if a fungal infection is suspected.
  • Good hygiene practices, such as keeping the affected area clean and dry, can also help prevent the spread of the infection.

Prognosis:

  • Erythrasma is usually a mild and easily treatable condition.
  • With prompt and appropriate treatment, symptoms typically improve within a few days to a week.
  • However, in rare cases, complications such as secondary bacterial infections or cellulitis can occur.

Eczema

Posted on March 8, 2023 by - Dermatology & nail pathology, E, Paediatrics

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition characterised by red, itchy, and inflamed patches of skin. Eczema can occur on any part of the body, including the feet.

Eczema of the foot can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, allergens, irritants, and stress. Symptoms of eczema on the foot may include:

  • Red, dry, and scaly patches of skin
  • Itching and burning sensation
  • Cracks and fissures in the skin
  • Blisters or oozing

Treatment for eczema of the foot typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes and medications. Here are some tips for managing eczema of the foot:

  • Keep the feet clean and dry
  • Wear comfortable shoes and socks made of natural materials
  • Avoid exposure to irritants such as harsh soaps, detergents, and chemicals
  • Use a moisturiser to prevent dryness and itching
  • Take antihistamines to relieve itching and discomfort
  • Use corticosteroid creams or ointments to reduce inflammation and itching

In some cases, a healthcare provider may recommend other medications, such as immunosuppressants or phototherapy, to manage symptoms of eczema. It is important to work with a healthcare provider to develop a comprehensive treatment plan for eczema of the foot, as untreated eczema can lead to infections or other complications.

Dry heels

Posted on March 8, 2023 by - D, Dermatology & nail pathology

Dry heels occur when the skin on the heels becomes dry, thick, and cracked. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including dry weather, exposure to harsh chemicals or soaps, and standing for prolonged periods of time.

Here are some tips to help manage dry heels:

  1. Moisturise regularly: Apply a thick moisturising cream or lotion to your feet daily, especially after bathing or showering. Look for products that contain ingredients such as urea or lactic acid, which can help to exfoliate and soften the skin.
  2. Wear proper footwear: Choose shoes that provide good support and cushioning to reduce pressure on the heels. Avoid open-backed shoes, which can cause the heel to slide around and become dry and cracked.
  3. Use a pumice stone: Gently use a pumice stone to remove thick, dead skin from the heels. Be careful not to scrub too hard, as this can cause further irritation.
  4. Soak your feet: Soak your feet in warm water for 10-15 minutes to help soften the skin before moisturising or using a pumice stone.
  5. Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help to keep the skin hydrated and prevent dryness.

If your dry heels are severe or do not improve with home remedies, consult with a healthcare provider, as this may be a sign of an underlying medical condition such as thyroid problems or diabetes. A healthcare provider may recommend additional treatments such as prescription creams or ointments, or refer you to a specialist.

Do’s and Don’ts of ingrown toenails

Posted on March 8, 2023 by - D, Dermatology & nail pathology, Frequently asked questions

Ingrown toenails occur when the edges or corners of the toenail grow into the surrounding skin, causing pain, swelling, and redness. Here are some do’s and don’ts to help manage ingrown toenails:

Do’s:

  1. Soak the affected toe in warm water for 15-20 minutes, 2-3 times per day.
  2. Wear comfortable shoes with a wide toe box to prevent pressure on the toes.
  3. Cut toenails straight across to prevent them from growing into the skin.
  4. Use sterile instruments to trim toenails.
  5. Use over-the-counter pain relievers to manage pain and discomfort.

Don’ts:

  1. Don’t cut toenails too short or round the edges, as this can increase the risk of ingrown toenails.
  2. Avoid tight-fitting shoes or high heels, which can put pressure on the toes and exacerbate ingrown toenails.
  3. Don’t try to dig out the ingrown toenail yourself, as this can lead to infection.
  4. Don’t ignore signs of infection, such as increased pain, redness, and pus drainage.
  5. Don’t wait too long to seek medical attention if home remedies are not effective in managing symptoms.

It is important to seek medical attention if the ingrown toenail becomes infected, or if symptoms do not improve with home remedies. A healthcare provider may recommend antibiotics or surgery to remove the ingrown toenail and prevent further complications.

Dermatitis

Posted on March 8, 2023 by - D, Dermatology & nail pathology

Foot dermatitis refers to a skin condition that affects the feet. It can be caused by a variety of factors such as allergies, irritants, genetics, and underlying medical conditions. Common symptoms of foot dermatitis include redness, itching, dryness, scaling, and blistering of the skin on the feet. The condition can be acute or chronic and can impact people of all ages and lifestyles. Treatment for foot dermatitis may include topical creams or ointments, oral medications, and lifestyle changes to reduce exposure to allergens and irritants. It is important to consult with a medical professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Curettage for warts

Posted on March 8, 2023 by - C, Dermatology & nail pathology, Surgical

Wart curettage is a medical procedure used to remove warts by scraping or cutting them away from the skin. The procedure is typically performed using a small, sharp instrument called a curette. The area is first numbed with a local anaesthetic, and then the wart is scraped or cut away using the curette.

After the procedure, the wound is typically covered with a bandage or dressing. Pain relief medication may be prescribed, and patients are usually advised to avoid getting the area wet for a few days after the procedure.

Wart curettage is generally considered a safe and effective treatment for warts, but there is a risk of scarring or infection, particularly if the wound is not properly cared for after the procedure. It is important to follow your doctor’s instructions carefully and to contact them if you experience any signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or fever.

Cracked heels

Posted on March 8, 2023 by - C, Dermatology & nail pathology

Cracked heels, also known as heel fissures, occur when the skin on the bottom of the heel becomes dry, thick, and callused. This can lead to the skin cracking, which can be both painful and unsightly. Some common causes of cracked heels include dry skin, standing for long periods of time, wearing open-backed shoes, being overweight, and certain medical conditions such as diabetes or hypothyroidism.

Treatment for cracked heels typically involves moisturising the skin and using a pumice stone or foot file to remove any thick, callused skin. In more severe cases, a podiatrist may recommend a topical medication or prescribe custom orthotics to help redistribute pressure on the foot.

Prevention of cracked heels involves keeping the feet well-moisturised, wearing properly fitting shoes, and avoiding prolonged standing or walking on hard surfaces. It is also important to maintain good foot hygiene and to treat any underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to the problem.

Corns

Posted on March 8, 2023 by - C, Dermatology & nail pathology

Corns are a common foot condition where the skin becomes thickened and hard in response to friction or pressure. They usually develop on the feet, especially on the toes and soles, and can cause pain, discomfort, and even difficulty walking.

Corns are caused by repetitive rubbing or pressure on the skin, often due to ill-fitting shoes or abnormal foot structures such as hammertoes or bunions. They can also develop from activities that put pressure on the feet, such as running or dancing.

There are two types of corns: hard corns and soft corns. Hard corns are small, raised, and have a hard centre surrounded by thick, rough skin. They usually develop on the tops and tips of the toes, and are often caused by tight-fitting shoes or toe deformities. Soft corns are white and rubbery, and develop in between the toes, often due to excess moisture.

Corns can often be treated at home by soaking the affected area in warm water, using a pumice stone to gently rub away the thickened skin, and applying moisturiser to keep the area soft. However, if the corn is causing severe pain or discomfort, a podiatrist may need to remove it using special tools. To prevent corns from developing, it is important to wear properly fitting shoes, and to use cushioned insoles or pads to reduce pressure on the feet.

Complex dermatitis

Posted on March 8, 2023 by - C, Dermatology & nail pathology, Vascular

Complex dermatitis of the foot, also known as venous stasis dermatitis or gravitational dermatitis, is a skin condition that occurs when there is poor circulation in the legs and feet, leading to inflammation and discolouration of the skin.

This condition is often seen in older adults, people with varicose veins, and those who have had a blood clot in their legs. The primary symptom is a red, itchy, and scaly rash that can develop into open sores and ulcers. The skin may also become thickened and discoloured, and the affected area may feel warm or hot to the touch.

Treatment for complex dermatitis of the foot involves addressing the underlying circulation issues. This may include compression stockings or wraps, leg elevation, and exercise to promote blood flow. Topical medications, such as corticosteroids or antibiotics, may be prescribed to help manage symptoms and prevent infection. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged tissue or repair damaged veins.