Category: K

Köhler disease

Posted on March 10, 2023 by - K, Midfoot, Paediatrics

Köhler disease, also known as osteochondrosis of the navicular bone, is a rare condition that affects the navicular bone in the foot. It is most commonly seen in children between the ages of 5 and 10 years old, and is more common in boys than girls.

The exact cause of Köhler disease is unknown, but it is believed to be related to a disruption in blood flow to the navicular bone. This can lead to a decrease in bone density and the development of small fractures in the bone.

Symptoms of Köhler disease typically include pain and swelling in the midfoot, particularly on the top of the foot. The affected foot may also appear flattened or widened, and there may be a limp or difficulty walking.

Treatment for Köhler disease usually involves rest and immobilization of the foot with a cast or brace to allow the bone to heal. Pain relievers may also be prescribed to manage discomfort. In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged tissue or realign the bones in the foot. With appropriate treatment, most children with Köhler disease recover fully and have no long-term complications.

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Posted on March 8, 2023 by - Cancer, Dermatology & nail pathology, K

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a rare type of cancer that affects the cells that line the blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. KS can occur in several forms, including classic, endemic, iatrogenic, and epidemic (or AIDS-related) KS. Here are some key facts about Kaposi’s sarcoma:

Causes:

  • Kaposi’s sarcoma is caused by a type of herpes virus called human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV).
  • Risk factors for developing Kaposi’s sarcoma include having a weakened immune system, being infected with HIV, and being of Mediterranean or African descent.

Symptoms:

  • Kaposi’s sarcoma usually appears as patches or nodules on the skin, which may be red, purple, or brown.
  • The lesions may be flat or raised and may itch or be painful.
  • KS can also affect other parts of the body, such as the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and lymph nodes.

Diagnosis:

  • A biopsy is the only way to definitively diagnose Kaposi’s sarcoma.
  • During a biopsy, a small sample of the affected tissue is removed and examined under a microscope to determine if cancerous cells are present.

Treatment:

  • Treatment for Kaposi’s sarcoma depends on the type and extent of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health.
  • Treatments may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy.
  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) may also be used to treat Kaposi’s sarcoma in people who are infected with HIV.

Prognosis:

  • The prognosis for Kaposi’s sarcoma varies depending on the type and extent of the cancer and the patient’s overall health.
  • In people with AIDS-related KS, the prognosis is generally worse than in other forms of the disease, as the cancer may be more aggressive and difficult to treat. However, with appropriate treatment, many people with Kaposi’s sarcoma are able to manage the disease and live for many years.