Category: Lower leg

Gastrocnemius recession (calf release)

Posted on March 29, 2023 by Steve - G, Lower leg, Surgical, Uncategorised

A gastrocnemius recession, also known as gastrocnemius lengthening or calf muscle release, is a surgical procedure in which the gastrocnemius muscle is partially cut to relieve tension and tightness in the calf. This procedure is typically performed to treat a condition called equinus deformity, which is characterized by limited ankle dorsiflexion (the ability to pull the foot upward toward the shin).

During the procedure, a small incision is made in the skin over the gastrocnemius muscle, and the muscle is partially cut or released from its attachment to the heel bone (calcaneus). This allows the muscle to stretch more easily and reduces tension on the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia.

Gastrocnemius recession is often performed in combination with other procedures, such as Achilles tendon lengthening or plantar fascia release, to address the underlying cause of equinus deformity. Recovery from the procedure typically involves a period of immobilization and physical therapy to regain strength and flexibility in the affected leg. As with any surgery, there are risks and potential complications associated with gastrocnemius recession, and it is important to discuss these with a qualified healthcare professional before undergoing the procedure.

Shin splints

Posted on March 9, 2023 by Steve - Lower leg, S

Shin splints, also known as medial tibial stress syndrome, is a common injury that occurs when the muscles and tendons surrounding the shinbone become inflamed. It is often caused by overuse or repetitive stress, such as running or jumping on hard surfaces.

Symptoms of shin splints include pain, tenderness, and swelling along the inner edge of the shinbone. The pain may be mild at first but can become more severe with continued activity.

To prevent shin splints, it is important to gradually increase the intensity and duration of your activities, wear proper footwear that provides adequate cushioning and support, and avoid running or jumping on hard surfaces. Additionally, stretching and strengthening exercises for the lower leg muscles can help prevent shin splints.

If you do develop shin splints, the best treatment is rest. Avoid the activities that caused the injury and allow your legs time to heal. Ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) can also help reduce pain and swelling. Over-the-counter pain medications, such as ibuprofen, can also be used to manage pain.

Once the pain and swelling have subsided, it is important to gradually return to your activities to avoid re-injuring the area. Wearing proper footwear and using orthotics or inserts can also help prevent future episodes of shin splints. If the pain persists despite these measures, it is important to see a healthcare professional for further evaluation and treatment.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Posted on March 8, 2023 by Steve - D, Lower leg, Vascular

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a medical condition in which a blood clot (thrombus) forms in a deep vein, typically in the lower leg or thigh. It can also occur in other parts of the body, such as the arm or pelvis. DVT is a serious condition that can be life-threatening if the clot dislodges and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism (PE).

Risk factors for DVT include immobility (such as during long periods of sitting or bed rest), surgery, trauma, pregnancy, hormone therapy, and certain medical conditions such as cancer, heart failure, or a blood clotting disorder. Symptoms of DVT include swelling, pain, warmth, and redness in the affected area.

Treatment for DVT typically involves anticoagulant medication to prevent the clot from growing or traveling, as well as measures to prevent new clots from forming. Compression stockings may also be recommended to improve blood flow and reduce swelling. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the clot. It is important to seek medical attention promptly if you suspect you may have DVT.

Cellulitis

Posted on March 8, 2023 by Steve - C, Dermatology & nail pathology, Infections, Lower leg

Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It typically occurs when bacteria enter the skin through a cut, scratch, or other break in the skin’s barrier. Here are some key facts about cellulitis:

Causes:

Cellulitis is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus bacteria.
Risk factors for cellulitis include skin injuries or conditions that break the skin’s barrier, such as eczema or athlete’s foot, as well as conditions that weaken the immune system, such as diabetes or HIV/AIDS.

Symptoms:

Symptoms of cellulitis include redness, warmth, swelling, and pain in the affected area.
The affected area may also feel tender or firm to the touch and may develop a fever or other systemic symptoms.

Diagnosis:

A diagnosis of cellulitis is typically made based on the appearance of the skin and the patient’s symptoms and medical history.
Blood tests or imaging studies may be ordered to rule out other possible causes of the symptoms.

Treatment:

Treatment for cellulitis usually involves a course of oral or intravenous antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection.
In severe cases, hospitalisation may be necessary for intravenous antibiotics and monitoring.
Home care measures, such as elevation of the affected area and warm compresses, can also help alleviate symptoms.

Prognosis:

With prompt and appropriate treatment, cellulitis typically resolves within 7-10 days.
However, in some cases, complications such as abscess formation, sepsis, or lymphangitis can occur.
Recurrent episodes of cellulitis may occur in people with underlying skin conditions or weakened immune systems.

Calf pain

Posted on March 8, 2023 by Steve - C, Lower leg

Calf pain can be related to the feet in several ways. Here are some of the most common foot-related causes of calf pain:

Plantar fasciitis: Plantar fasciitis is a condition that causes pain in the bottom of the foot, particularly in the heel. This pain can sometimes radiate up to the calf muscle, causing discomfort.
Achilles tendinitis: The Achilles tendon connects the calf muscle to the heel bone. When this tendon becomes inflamed, it can cause pain and stiffness in the calf muscle.
Flat feet: Having flat feet can cause overpronation, or excessive inward rolling of the foot during walking or running. This can put extra stress on the calf muscle, leading to pain and discomfort.
Nerve compression: Nerves that travel through the calf can become compressed or pinched, causing pain in the calf muscle. This can sometimes be related to foot or ankle problems, such as a bone spur or tarsal tunnel syndrome.
Blood clots: Blood clots in the leg can cause calf pain, and this can sometimes be related to foot or ankle problems. For example, an injury or surgery to the foot or ankle can increase the risk of developing a blood clot.

If you are experiencing calf pain, it is important to see a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Depending on the underlying cause, treatment may include rest, ice, compression, elevation, physical therapy, or medication.