Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a genetic disorder that affects the peripheral nerves, which are the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord. CMT is also known as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN).
CMT causes a progressive loss of muscle tissue and sensation in the feet and legs, which can eventually spread to the hands and arms. Symptoms of CMT can include weakness in the muscles of the feet, ankles, and legs, difficulty with balance and coordination, foot deformities such as high arches or hammertoes, and numbness or tingling in the feet and hands.
There is currently no cure for CMT, but treatments can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Treatment options may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, orthotics or braces to support the feet and legs, and medications to help manage pain or muscle spasms. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct foot deformities or relieve pressure on nerves.
Because CMT is a genetic disorder, it is important for individuals with a family history of CMT or symptoms of the disease to seek genetic counselling and testing to determine if they are at risk for passing the condition on to their children. It is also important for people with CMT to take steps to manage their symptoms and prevent complications, such as falls or injuries due to foot deformities.