Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that affects the body’s ability to regulate blood sugar levels. Over time, high blood sugar levels can damage nerves and blood vessels, particularly in the feet and legs. This damage can lead to a number of complications, including neuropathy, poor circulation, and foot ulcers. In severe cases, amputation may be necessary to prevent the spread of infection or other complications.
To prevent these complications, it is important for individuals with diabetes to take steps to manage their blood sugar levels and monitor their feet regularly for any signs of injury or infection. This may include:
- Keeping blood sugar levels under control through diet, exercise, and medication as prescribed by a healthcare provider.
- Checking feet daily for any cuts, blisters, or other injuries, particularly between the toes where moisture can accumulate.
- Washing feet daily with warm water and mild soap, being sure to dry thoroughly, particularly between the toes.
- Wearing properly fitting shoes that provide adequate support and protection.
- Avoiding walking barefoot or wearing shoes without socks.
- Regularly visiting a healthcare provider for foot exams and monitoring of blood sugar levels.
- Quitting smoking and managing other health conditions such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol.
If an injury or infection is detected, prompt medical attention is crucial to prevent the spread of infection and reduce the risk of amputation. Treatment may include antibiotics, wound care, and in severe cases, surgery to remove infected tissue or repair damaged blood vessels.